Minyak Atsiri Serai Wangi (Cymbopogon nardus L. Rendle): Diisolasi dengan Dua Metode Berbeda, Kualitas dan Aktivitas Antibakterinya

Authors

  • Afrizal Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Andalas, Indonesia
  • Anggun Defitriani Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Andalas, Indonesia
  • Mai Efdi Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Andalas, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25077/jrk.v15i1.653

Keywords:

Cymbopogon nardus, essential oil, distillation, GC-MS, antibacterial activity

Abstract

Cymbopogon nardus L. Rendle is one of the world trades essential oil plants. The high selling value of citronella oil is determined by the characteristics of its physical and chemical properties. In this study, determined the physical and chemical properties of citronellal oil isolated by two different methods, namely method of laboratory distillation (M1) and local community distillation (M2). The result showed that the essential oil produce from both methods match with SNI 06-3953-1995 on its physical properties. The results of the chemical composition using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) indicated there are 38 and 48 compounds in the essential oil of M1 and M2, respectively with the main compositions are citronellal, citronellol, and geraniol. The antibacterial activity evaluated using the disc diffusion method showed inhibitory ability against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, but no inhibitory ability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Both, these M1 and M2 essential oils are categorized as a very strong antibacterial at concentration of 3.125% and 50%, respectively.

Author Biography

Afrizal, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Andalas

Scopus Profile:

https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=36482708900

References

Murni. & Rustin, L., Karakteristik kandungan minyak atsiri tanaman serai Wangi (Cymbopogon nardus L.). Pros. Seminar. Nas. Biol. di Era Pandemi COVID-19, (2020).

Martínez, P. G., Ramirez, C., Mitton, G., Arcerito, F. M., Facundo, R., Cooley, H., & Fuselli, S., Lethal concentrations of Cymbopogon nardus essential oils and their main component citronellal on Varroa destructor and Apis mellifera. Exp. Parasitol., 238(1): (2022).

Chong, D., Weng, J., Latip, J., Hasbullah, S. A. & Sastrohamidjojo, H., Optimal Extraction and Evaluation on the oil content of Citronella oil Extracted from Cymbopogon nardus. Malaysian J. Anal. Sci., 19(1): 71-76 (2015).

Obenu, N., Edi, E. & Adu, R. E., Identification Chemical Compositions of Lemongrass Plant (Cymbopogon nardus L.) Dawan Tribe, Oenenu Village, North Central Timor Regency. J. Akad. Kim., 10(2): 93-97 (2021).

Mahalwal, V. S. & Ali, M., Volatile constituents of Cymbopogon nardus (Linn.) Rendle. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 18(1): 73-76 (2003).

Wei, L. S. & Wee, W., Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Cymbopogon nardus citronella essential oil against systemic bacteria of aquatic animals. Iran. J. Microbiol., 5(2): 147-152 (2013).

Nakahara, K., Alzoreky, N. S., Yoshihashi, T., Nguyen, H. T. T. & Trakoontivakorn, G., Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of Essential Oil from Cymbopogon nardus (Citronella Grass). Japan Agric. Res. Q., 37(4): 249–252 (2003).

Trindade, L. A., Cordeiro, L. V., de Figuerêdo Silva, D., Figueiredo, P. T. R., de Pontes, M. L. C., de Oliveira Lima, E. & de Albuquerque Tavares Carvalho, A., The antifungal and antibiofilm activity of Cymbopogon nardus essential oil and citronellal on clinical strains of Candida albicans. Brazilian J. Microbiol., 53(3): 1231-1240 (2022).

Gebashe, F., Aremu, A. O., Van Staden, J., Gruz, J. & Finnie, J. F., Phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activity of grasses used in South African traditional medicine. Plants, 9(3): 2-23 (2020).

Bayala, B., Coulibaly, A. Y., Djigma, F. W., Nagalo, B. M., Baron, S., Figueredo, G., Lobaccaro, J. M. A., et al., Chemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities of the essential oil of Cymbopogon nardus, a plant used in traditional medicine. Biomol. Concepts, 11(1): 86–96 (2020).

Handayani, P. A., Dyah, W., Rengga, P., Handayani, P. A., Dyah, W. & Rengga, P., Peningkatan kualitas minyak daun cengkeh dengan metode adsorbsi. J. Sains dan Teknol., 9(1): 39-44 (2011).

Hamzah, M. H., Che Man, H., Abidin, Z. Z. & Jamaludin, H., Comparison of citronella oil extraction methods from Cymbopogon nardus grass by ohmic-heated hydro-distillation, hydro-distillation, and steam distillation. BioResources, 9(1): 265–272 (2014).

De Toledo, L. G., Dos Santos Ramos, M. A., Spósito, L., Castilho, E. M., Pavan, F. R., De Oliveira Lopes, É., Zocolo, G. J., et al., Essential oil of Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle: A strategy to combat fungal infections caused by Candida species. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17(8): 1-16 (2016).

Nurhayati, L. S., Yahdiyani, N. & Hidayatulloh, A., Perbandingan Pengujian Aktivitas Antibakteri Starter Yogurt dengan Metode Difusi Sumuran dan Metode Difusi Cakram. J. Teknol. Has. Peternak., 1(2): 41-46 (2020).

Balouiri, M., Sadiki, M. & Ibnsouda, S. K., Methods for in vitro evaluating antimicrobial activity: A review. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 6(2): 71–79 (2016).

Ait Babahmad, R., Aghraz, A., Boutafda, A., Papazoglou, E. G., Tarantilis, P. A., Kanakis, C., Hafidi, M., et al., Chemical composition of essential oil of Jatropha curcas L. leaves and its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Ind. Crops Prod., 121: 405–410 (2018).

Prabuseenivasan, S., Jayakumar, M. & Ignacimuthu, S., In vitro antibacterial activity of some plant essential oils. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 6(39): 1–8 (2006).

Badan Standardisasi Nasional., Minyak Sereh, Mutu, dan Cara Uji. SNI 06-3953-1995, (1995).

Gumelar, A. M., Ersan, E. & Supriyatdi, D., Pengaruh Lama Pelayuan dan Pencacahan Daun Serai Wangi (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt ex Bor) pada Rendemen dan Mutu Citronella Oil. J. Agro Ind. Perkeb., 10(1): 1–8 (2022).

Lubis, M. R., Meilina, H. & Suraiya., Penyulingan minyak sereh wangi (Cymbopogon nardus) asal Kabupaten Gayo Lues mengunakan destilasi uap. Pros. Semin. Nas. Has. Ris. dan Stand. Ind. II, 1(1): 221–234 (2012).

Munawarah, M., Pengaruh Metode dan Lama Penyulingan Terhadap Rendemen dan Sifat Fisiko Kimia Minyak Sereh Wangi (Cymbopogon nardus). Universitas Jember, (2010).

Guenther, E., Minyak Atsiri Jilid I. UI Press, (1987).

Wardhana, S. H., Monoarfa, A. & Monoarfa, R., Perbandingan Efektifitas Antibiotik Ceftriaxone dan Ciprofloxacine pada Penderita Infeksi Saluran Kemih di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. J. BIOMEDIK, 10(3): 180–184 (2018).

Dhifi, W., Bellili, S., Jazi, S., Bahloul, N. & Mnif, W., Essential Oils’ Chemical Characterization and Investigation of Some Biological Activities: A Critical Review. Medicines, 3(4): 1-16 (2016).

Morales, G., Sierra, P., Mancilla, A., Paredes, A., Loyola, L. A., Gallardo, O. & Borquez, J., Secondary metabolites from four medicinal plants from northern Chile: Antimicrobial activity and biotoxicity against Artemia salina. J. Chil. Chem. Soc., 48(2): 44-49 (2003).

Dewi, S. R., Nur, D. & Hanifa, C., Karakterisasi dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Minyak Serai Wangi (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle) terhadap Propionibacterium acnes Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Citronella (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle) Oil against Propionibacterium acnes. PHARMACY: J. Farm. Indonesia (Pharm. J. Indonesia), 18(02): 371-379 (2021).

Oka Adi Parwata, I. & Sastra Dewi, P., Isolasi Dan Uji ktivitas Antibakteri Minyak Atsiri DariRimpang Lengkuas (Alpinia galanga L.). J. Kim., 2(2): 100–104 (2008).

Downloads

Published

2024-03-29

How to Cite

Afrizal, Defitriani, A. ., & Efdi, M. (2024). Minyak Atsiri Serai Wangi (Cymbopogon nardus L. Rendle): Diisolasi dengan Dua Metode Berbeda, Kualitas dan Aktivitas Antibakterinya. Jurnal Riset Kimia, 15(1), 99–111. https://doi.org/10.25077/jrk.v15i1.653

Issue

Vol. 15 No. 1 (2024): March

Section

Articles

Citation Check

License

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Please find the rights and licenses in Jurnal Riset Kimia (J. Ris. Kim). By submitting the article/manuscript of the article, the author(s) agree with this policy. No specific document sign-off is required.

1. License

The use the article will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution license as currently displayed on Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. 

2. Author(s)' Warranties

The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author(s), has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author(s).

3. User Rights

Under the Creative Commons license, the journal permits users to copy, distribute, and display the material for any purpose. Users will also need to attribute authors and J. Ris. Kim on distributing works in the journal and other media of publications.

4. Rights of Authors

Authors retain all their rights to the published works, such as (but not limited to) the following rights;

  • Copyright and other proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights,
  • The right to use the substance of the article in own future works, including lectures and books,
  • The right to reproduce the article for own purposes,
  • The right to self-archive the article,
  • The right to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the article's published version (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.

5. Co-Authorship

If the article was jointly prepared by more than one author, any authors submitting the manuscript warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to be agreed on this copyright and license notice (agreement) on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this policy. J. Ris. Kim will not be held liable for anything that may arise due to the author(s) internal dispute. J. Ris. Kim will only communicate with the corresponding author.